Although dextromethorphan can be safely used in cough-suppressant medicines when formulated properly and used in small amounts, abuse of the drug can cause death, as well as other serious adverse events -- such as brain damage, seizure, loss of consciousness and irregular heartbeat.

FDA is working with other health and law enforcement authorities to address this serious issue and warn the public of potential harm, the agency said, after five recently reported deaths of teenagers that may be associated with the consumption of powdered DXM sold in capsules.

Safe When Used Properly

Although dextromethorphan can be safely used in cough-suppressant medicines when formulated properly and used in small amounts, abuse of the drug can cause death, as well as other serious adverse events -- such as brain damage, seizure, loss of consciousness and irregular heartbeat, according to FDA.

Though not a new phenomenon, DXM abuse has developed into a disturbing new trend which involves the sale of pure DXM in powdered form. This pure DXM is often encapsulated by the “dealer” and offered for street use.

DXM has gradually replaced codeine as the most widely used cough suppressant in the United States. It is available over-the-counter in capsule, liquid, liquid-gelatin capsule, lozenge and tablet forms. When ingested at recommended dosage levels, DXM is generally a safe and effective cough suppressant, FDA stresses.