Smoking has consequences before and after pregnancy, such as infertility, coagulation problems, obstetric complications (for example, extrauterine pregnancy and placenta previa) and intrauterine growth retardation, according to background information in the article.

However, only indirect data have been published on a possible genotoxic effect on pregnancy in humans. ("Genotoxic" means having the effect of damaging DNA, possibly causing genetic mutation.)

More Chromosomal Abnormalities

Rosa Ana de la Chica, M.Sc., of the Universitat Aut