Six months into treatment, men were found to have temporary, marginal but significant declines in visual memory of figures and recognition speed of numbers.

The degree of cognitive dysfunction appears to be related to a decline in serum estradiol brought on by hormonal treatment, the researchers report.

Hormones Play Role in Neurological Development

Androgen-deprivation therapy (AD) is an effective adjuvant therapy in the treatment of prostate cancer. It effectively reduces levels of testosterone, which acts as a tumor stimulant, and estradiol, a form of estrogen in men, according to the article.

Testosterone and estradiol are known to be important in neurological development and play a particularly important role in the cognitive areas of learning and memory, the authors explain. Previous studies in women have shown declining estradiol levels to effect cognition but,until now, little data existed in men.

Changes 'Selective and Marginal'

Eeva Salminen, M.D. and colleagues at Turku University Hospital in Turku, Finland, investigated the relationship between serum estradiol and cognitive functioning in men with prostate cancer treated with androgen-deprivation therapy.

They found cognitive performance in several specific areas were associated with declines in estradiol brought on by the therapy. Six months into treatment, men were found to have temporary, marginal but significant declines in visual memory of figures and recognition speed of numbers.

Tests at twelve months showed marginal improvement in verbal fluency associated with estradiol declines. No other cognitive areas were affected. The degree of cognitive change was related to the magnitude of estradiol declines.

Despite these "selective and marginal" changes associated with estradiol declines, "cognitive function appears to be well preserved during 12 months AD in men without previous neurological or psychological diseases."